what are the 8 types of karma particles

In Jain philosophy, karma is classified into eight distinct types of particles that bind to the soul, influencing its qualities and experiences. These are: 1) Jñānāvaraṇīya karma, which obscures knowledge; 2) Darśanāvaraṇīya karma, which obscures perception; 3) Mohanīya karma, which deludes and causes attachment and aversion; 4) Antarāya karma, which obstructs the soul's ability to act; 5) Vedanīya karma, which causes experiences of pleasure and pain; 6) Nāmakaraṇa karma, which determines the physical body and attributes; 7) Gotra karma, which influences social status and family; and 8) Ayu karma, which determines lifespan. These karmas collectively affect the soul's journey through samsāra (cycle of birth and death), and their shedding through spiritual practices leads to liberation (mokṣa). Understanding these karmas is essential for grasping the Jain path of purification and self-realization.