explain six tatvavartha

In Jain philosophy, the six tatvavartha form the core framework for understanding the path to liberation. They include: 1) Jīva, the living soul characterized by consciousness and life; 2) Ajīva, the non-living substances that lack consciousness; 3) Āsrava, the influx of karmic particles into the soul caused by activities of mind, speech, and body; 4) Bandha, the actual bondage or attachment of karmas to the soul; 5) Samvara, the stoppage or prevention of further karmic influx through right conduct and self-discipline; and 6) Nirjarā, the gradual shedding or elimination of accumulated karmas through austerities and penance. These six principles explain the cycle of bondage and liberation (moksha) by detailing how karmas attach to and detach from the soul, thereby influencing its purity and spiritual progress. Understanding and practicing the control of these tatvavartha is essential for the soul's emancipation in Jain thought.