Explain the principle of Karma in Jain philosophy

Jainism views Karma as a unique and complex doctrine that differs from common interpretations of the term as simply "action." According to Jain metaphysics, Karma is a form of extremely subtle matter that attaches to the soul, creating a bond that restricts the soul from attaining its natural state of pure knowledge and bliss. This material nature of Karma means it physically affects the soul, carrying it through cycles of birth and death.

The sources of Karma arise from attachments and actions, and it is not just a mystical force but a tangible substance that can be accumulated or shed. Jainism teaches that through self-help, austerity, and acts of service—such as helping the poor or ascetics—one can work off Karma. This process is essential for spiritual liberation, as Karma determines the soul's bondage and its experiences in various lives.

The Jain doctrine of Karma is also rational and scientific in its approach, emphasizing cause and effect: "As you sow, so you reap." It supports the independence of the individual soul and the idea that liberation is achieved through personal effort rather than divine intervention. Karma atoms form a "Karma body" around the soul, and religious practice aims to free the soul from this karmic matter to achieve liberation.